Emily Morgan was awarded a three-year NSF grant on "Generalization versus item-specificity in language processing and change". The project will investigate how speakers of a language use both the ability to generalize and their knowledge of specific previously-encountered items. For example, speakers know that the past tense of a novel verb glorp is glorped but the past tense of run is the irregular ran. But the relationship between these two systems remains a subject of intense debate. This project will investigate generalization and item-specificity on two time scales: How does online language processing recruit both generalization and item-specificity? And how do languages evolve to contain both generalizable structure and item-specific exceptions?